Ovarian stimulation has been linked to an increased risk of ovarian and breast cancer. However, none have been proven beyond doubt. As infertility itself has been reported to be risk factor for both malignancies it is still unknown whether some of the reported increased risks are associated with the treatment or infertility itself.

Studies and long term follow-up are still ongoing. In the mean time women who received IVF treatment but failed to conceive are advised to have their annual gynecologic check-ups and yearly mammograms (depending on the age).